Petrale Sole

Eopsetta jordani

Photo contributed by: Daniel W. Gotshall To email him click here.

Aquaculture Potential The petrale sole supports a large fishery. However, the value of this species averaged $0.87 per pound on Oregon's docks from 1989–1998. The species, like other flatfish, may have potential in a net pen system.

Opportunity Constraints "An important food fish" (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983) Not much is known about the life history of this species.

In-depth Information Regarding this Species

Alternate Common Names	N/A
U.S. Range in the Pacific Ocean	Bering Sea to Baja (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)
Habitat	N/A
Substrate	Sand (Love 1996, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)
Depth range (meters)	18–457 (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)
Behavior	N/A
General Temperature Range (°C)	N/A
General Salinity Range (ppt)	N/A
Maximum Overall Recorded Size (cm)	N/A
Maximum Recorded Size for Males (cm)	N/A
Maximum Recorded Size for Females (cm)	N/A
Average Maximum Overall Length (cm)	74.9 (Love 1996) 70 (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)
Average Maximum Overall Length for Males (cm)	N/A
Average Maximum Overall Length for Females (cm)	N/A
Average Maximum weight (kg)	N/A
Average Maximum weight for Males (cm)	N/A
Average Maximum weight for Females (cm)	N/A
Length When Harvested (cm)	N/A
Weight When Harvested (kg)	N/A
Overall Length to Age Ratio (cm/age in years)	N/A
Male Length to Age Ratio (cm/age in years)	50.2/19 (Love 1996)
Female Length to Age Ratio (cm/age in years)	64.1/25 (Love 1996)
Overall Maximum Age (years)	N/A
Maximum Age for Males (years)	N/A
Maximum Age for Females (years)	N/A
Age when Harvested (years)	N/A
Overall Growth Rate	N/A
Male Growth Rate	N/A
Female Growth Rate	N/A
Overall Age at Maturity (years)	N/A
Male Age at Maturity (years)	7 (50% mature) (Love 1996)
Female Age at Maturity (years)	8 (50% mature) (Love 1996)
Overall Length at Maturity (cm)	N/A
Male Length at Maturity (cm)	38.1 (50% mature) 40.64 (all mature) (Love 1996)
Female Length at Maturity (cm)	38.1 (50% mature) 45.7 (all mature) (Love 1996)
Maturity/Temperature Relationship	N/A
Type of Reproduction	N/A
Fecundity	400,000–1,200,000 (Love 1996)
Spawning Habitat	N/A
Spawning Behavior	N/A
Time of Year of Spawning	November–March (Oregon) (Love 1996)
Number of Spawns per season	N/A
Spawning/Temperature Relationship (°C)	N/A
Spawning/Salinity Relationship	N/A
Description of Eggs	N/A
Habitat where Eggs are found	N/A
Days to Hatch	8 (Love 1996)
Time of Year when Eggs Hatch	N/A
Temperature for Egg Survival (°C)	Optimal at 6.75–7.25°C (Alderdice and Forrester 1971 in Stickney et al. 1995)
Salinity for Egg Survival (ppt)	Optimal at 26.5–29.5 ppt (Alderdice and Forrester 1971 in Stickney et al. 1995)
Predators on Eggs	N/A
Habitat where Larvae are found	N/A
Days in Larval Stage	N/A
Temperature for Larval Survival (°C)	N/A
Salinity for Larval Survival (ppt)	N/A
Larval Food Preference	N/A
Habitat where Juveniles are found	N/A
Length when Juvenile Settles out (cm)	N/A
Temperature for Juvenile Survival (°C)	N/A
Salinity for Juvenile Survival (ppt)	N/A
Where and When Juvenile Feeds	N/A
Juvenile Food Preference	N/A
Habitat where Adults are found (depth in meters)	N/A
Temperature for Adult Survival (°C)	N/A
Salinity for Adult Survival (ppt)	N/A
Adult Feeding Type	N/A
Adult Food Preference	Fish, Large Crustaceans, Octopi, Squid (Love 1996)
Food Eaten in Laboratory Setting	N/A
Amount of Food Eaten in Laboratory Setting	N/A
Additional Laboratory Findings	N/A
Environmental Considerations	N/A
Commercial Fishery	Yes (Love 1996)
Market	"An important food fish (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)."
Sold Fresh or Frozen	Fresh and frozen (Love 1996, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983)
Style Species is Sold	Fillets (Love 1996)
Additional Use of the Species	N/A
Shelf-life in Fresh State (days at 40°F)	5 (Love 1996)
Shelf-life in Frozen State (months at 0°F)	9–12 (Love 1996)
Shelf-life Canned (months)	N/A
Weight sold in Oregon (kg)	N/A
Ornamental Market	N/A
Parasites or Disease	N/A
Additional Remarks	N/A
Location where Species has been Researched/Farmed	The Northwest Fisheries Science Center had difficulty holding broodstock (Rust 2003)
Appropriate Aquaculture Systems	N/A

Recent Wild Harvest Data for Oregon
Data from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife

Year	Total Catch (Pounds)	Ex-vessel Value ( U.S. Dollars)
1989	1,901,739	1,589,975
1990	1,639,907	1,358,331
1991	2,054,029	1,688,778
1992	1,699,928	1,358,558
1993	1,708,468	1,307,286
1994	1,357,412	1,108,181
1995	1,756,061	1,701,036
1996	1,588,255	1,538,980
1997	1,776,714	1,645,868
1998	1,503,352	1,421,437

Photo contributed by: Douglas F. Markle Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Oregon State University

© 2003 Stephen Sempier